新东方雅思网络课程给大家整理了英语专四语法点大全:句子分类,希望能帮助到大家。
1. 从句子结构来说,句子可分为:
① 简单句:只有一个主语部分和一个谓语部分。如:
Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.
② 并列句:包括两个或两个以上的简单句,中间常由连词连接,如:
Fields have eyes,and woods have ears.
③ 复合句(Complex Sentence):由主句和从句构成,内含一个或一个以上的从句。其中,主句是能够独立存在并能表达一个完整意思的分句;而从句则是依附主句,在主句中充当一个句子成分的分句,一般由连词、关系代词或关系副词所引导。
从句在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、同位语等句子成分。
主要的从句类型有:
1.主语从句(Subject Clause)
What we need is that book.
表语从句(Predicative Clause):
Fame and personal gain is what are after.
宾语从句(Object Clause)
Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate?
定语从句(Attributive Clause)
This is the thing I want to say.
状语从句(Adverbial Clause)
Strike while the iron is hot.
同位语从句(Appositive Clause)
Word came that he had been abroad.
④ 并列复合句:由一个复合句和另一个简单句或复合句由并列连词(可以用分号代替and)连接而成的句子。
The policeman looked at me suspiciously,and he asked me what I wanted.
2. 从说话人说话的目的来看,句子可以分为:
① 陈述句(Declarative Sentence)用来叙述事实或表达意见,句尾永远是句号。
I saw him just now. History will not repeat itself.
② 疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)用来提出疑问,句尾永远是问号。
Did you see him just now?
③ 祈使句(Imperative Sentence)用无to不定式做动词,表示请求、命令、允许等,句尾通常是句号,但有时也用感叹号表示指令不可违抗。祈使句中的主语是you时,经常省略,也可将you或其他说话对象说出来表区分,但谓语动词不可添加s
Please come in.(表允许)
Don’t touch it.(表命令)
Everybody stand up.(不可加s)
Nobody move.
④ 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)表示强烈感情或情绪的句子,句尾用感叹号。常用结构:what(a/an)+a.+n.(+主语+谓语+其他成分);how+a./ad.(+主语+谓语)。也可以用how dare/dared(+主语+谓语)表示说话人的愤怒。除此,口语中还可以用陈述句、祈使句。疑问句表达感叹。
What a beautiful voice se has! How smart she is! How dare you open my letter!
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